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The Deer without a Heart
The Deer without a Heart is an ancient fable, attributed to Aesop in Europe, about a deer (or an ass in Eastern versions) who was twice persuaded by a wily fox to visit the ailing lion. After it was killed by the lion, the fox stole and ate the deer's heart. When the lion asks where it is, the fox argues that an animal so foolish as to visit a lion in his den cannot have had one.〔https://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext92/aesopa10.txt〕 The fable reflects the ancient belief that the heart was the seat of thoughts and intellect. The story in numbered 52 in the Aarne-Thompson classification system.
==The story from the East==
The version of the story found in the Indian ''Panchatantra'' concerns a lion who is persuaded that the cure for his sickness is the ears and heart of an ass. His servant the jackal persuades an ass to accompany him but the lion is too weak to kill the ass on the first attempt and the jackal has to trick it into returning. Afterwards the jackal persuades the hungry lion to leave him with the dead ass and takes the ears and heart for himself. His explanation for their absence is that so silly an animal cannot have had the equipment to hear or to think with.〔''Panchatantra'', trans. Arthur W. Ryder, ("Flop-Ear and Dusty" )〕
The story travelled westwards through a series of translations and adaptations and was eventually carried to Spain by invading Arabs. By this time the details of the story had altered considerably. In one Arab version an ass demands toll of the lion and is killed for this effrontery. The heart is eaten by a fox who says it could never have existed in so stupid an animal.〔''Histoire économique et sociale de l'Empire ottoman et de la Turquie (1326-1960)'', Leuven 1995, (p.256 )〕 There also exist Jewish versions of the story, in one of which the ass figures as toll-keeper and in the other demands a fare on board ship.〔Israel Abrahams, ''The Book of Delight and Other Papers'', (“The Fox’s Heart” )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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